"Racial zoning ... begins in 1910, when Baltimore passed the first racial zoning ordinance in the U.S., making it illegal for Black Americans to live in white neighborhoods (and vice versa), which prompted other cities across the country to follow suit. From there the article covers how patterns of segregation formed and evolved under racially restrictive covenants and municipal zoning — and the related court case rulings — throughout the decades.

The “devastating effects … on those who have been kept out of historically white communities,” including higher poverty rates, lower home values and incomes, and lower home ownership rates, persist to this day, Fatheree writes, citing research from the Other & Belonging Institute. Featheree closes his article by discussing steps that need to be taken to reverse the effects of this discrimination and the role federal, state, and local governments should play in righting the wrongs they caused.

https://urbanland.uli.org/a-brief-history-of-racial-zoning-neighborhood-associations-and-municipal-zoning